Benfey’s best defense turns out to be the book itself, which doesn’t attempt a full-throated rehab job. In a prologue to “ If: The Untold Story of Kipling’s American Years” (Penguin Press), Christopher Benfey, a professor at Mount Holyoke, writes that some of his friends, when they learned what he was working on, asked him what on earth he was thinking, and warned that he’d better be ready to defend himself. That he was also a prodigiously gifted writer who created works of inarguable greatness hardly matters anymore, at least not in many classrooms, where Kipling remains politically toxic. Kipling has been variously labelled a colonialist, a jingoist, a racist, an anti-Semite, a misogynist, a right-wing imperialist warmonger and-though some scholars have argued that his views were more complicated than he is given credit for-to some degree he really was all those things. But in recent years Kipling’s reputation has taken such a beating that it’s a wonder any sensible critic would want to go near him now. People knew his poems by heart, read his stories to their children. He was Britain’s first Nobel laureate in literature, and probably the most widely read writer since Tennyson. Born in 1865 in Bombay, where his father taught at an arts school, and then exiled as a boy to England, he returned to India as a teen-ager, and quickly established himself as the great chronicler of the Anglo-Indian experience. Rudyard Kipling used to be a household name.

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